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Internet Protocol? and types (IP, TCP, UDP, POP, SMTP, FTP, HTTP and HTTPS)!

Internet protocol? and types (IP, TCP, UDP, POP, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS), etc.

It plays a big role in Ethical Hacking. You've must good understanding of networking that's What is Switch, Router, Hub, Modem?", "What is network topology? What is noces How do works LAN Loc? Area Network) WAN Wide area network MAN Metropolitan Area Network What is network Port?", "What is Internet protocol?" and also Fundamentals of network and wireless Security and last all about NAT, DHCP, Subnetting, Public IP, Private IP, IPv4, IPv6, DNS, ARP, OSI model, MAC address. You must have a piece of Good knowledge about these things.

  • a) What is Switch, Router, Hub, Modem?
  • b) What is network topology?
  • c) What are nodes?
  • d) How do works LAN/Local? ( Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network ) 
  • e) What is a network Port?
  • f) What is Internet protocol? and types
  • g) Fundamental of network and wireless Security?
  • h) All about NAT, DHCP, Subnetting, Public IP, Private IP, IPv4, IPv6, DNS, ARP, OSI model, and MAC address. 

What is Internet protocol?

Learn network protocol Its types Internet Protocol or IP Example TCP UDP HTTP FTP ARP ICMP EIGRP OSPF BGP Monitoring tools Basic network standards and protocols Uses List and functions of protocol IP Packets NIC Network Adapter Network routing protocols Wireless network protocols.

Network protocols are a set of rules and conventions that networking devices like computers, should follow to transfer data effectively. 

Modern network protocols send data from one computer to another in the form of packets In which the whole file is divided into small pieces. Some security measures are added to each packet. These packets are received and reassembled at the destination to generate the original file.

The security measures that are added to each piece are decided by network protocols and the receiving computer will only be able to understand the received packet and hence, the whole file if it also follows the same networking protocol. Network protocols include internet protocols, wireless network protocols, and network routing protocols.

The internet and lots of different records networks work by organizing facts into small pieces called packets. Each large statistic dispatched between two network gadgets is split into smaller packets by the underlying hardware and software. Each network protocol defines the rules for how its statistics packets should be prepared in unique methods consistent with the protocols the community helps.

Types of Protocols

I can provide you with a table listing some of the most commonly used and important networking protocols, along with their short forms, definitions, and general purposes. Please note that this list is not exhaustive but covers a range of protocols from different layers of the OSI model.

ProtocolShort FormDefinitionPurpose
HTTPHyperTextHypertext Transfer ProtocolUsed for transmitting web pages and data on the web
HTTPSHyperTextHTTP SecureSecure version of HTTP for encrypted data transfer
TCPTransmissionTransmission Control ProtocolEnsures reliable data transmission over a network
UDPUserUser Datagram ProtocolProvides connectionless, low-overhead data transport
IPInternetInternet ProtocolRoutes data packets across networks
ICMPInternetInternet Control Message ProtocolUsed for network error reporting and diagnostics
FTPFileFile Transfer ProtocolTransfers files between systems
SSHSecureSecure ShellProvides secure remote access to network devices
TelnetTelephonyTelnetProvides remote access to network devices
SMTPSimpleSimple Mail Transfer ProtocolSends emails between servers
POP3Post OfficePost Office Protocol version 3Retrieves email from a mailbox
IMAPInternetInternet Message Access ProtocolRetrieves and manages email on a remote server
DNSDomainDomain Name SystemResolves domain names to IP addresses
DHCPDynamicDynamic Host Configuration ProtocolAutomatically assigns IP addresses to devices
SNMPSimpleSimple Network Management ProtocolManages and monitors network devices
ARPAddressAddress Resolution ProtocolMaps IP addresses to MAC addresses
BGPBorderBorder Gateway ProtocolRoutes data between autonomous systems (ASes)
ICMPv6InternetInternet Control Message Protocol version 6IPv6 version of ICMP for network diagnostics
LDAPLightweightLightweight Directory Access ProtocolAccesses and manages directory services
RDPRemoteRemote Desktop ProtocolProvides remote desktop access to Windows systems
SIPSessionSession Initiation ProtocolEstablishes and manages communication sessions
VPNVirtualVirtual Private NetworkSecures and encrypts network connections
SNMPv3SimpleSNMP version 3Enhanced security for network management
OSPFOpen ShortestOpen Shortest Path FirstInterior gateway protocol for routing
RIPRoutingRouting Information ProtocolDistance-vector routing protocol
HTTP/2HyperTextHTTP/2A faster and more efficient version of HTTP
MQTTMessageMessage Queuing Telemetry TransportLightweight publish-subscribe messaging protocol
NTPNetworkNetwork Time ProtocolSynchronizes time across network devices
SMBServerServer Message BlockProvides file and printer sharing on networks
DNSSECDNSDNS Security ExtensionsEnhances DNS security by adding digital signatures
VLANVirtualVirtual LANSegments a network into multiple logical networks
SNMPv2SimpleSNMP version 2An earlier version of SNMP with less security
STEPSpanningSpanning Tree ProtocolPrevents loops in Ethernet networks
LDAPLightweightLightweight Directory Access ProtocolAccesses and manages directory services
RAPReverseReverse ARPMaps MAC addresses to IP addresses
NNTPNetworkNetwork News Transfer ProtocolDistributes and retrieves news articles
ICMPv4InternetInternet Control Message Protocol version 4IPv4 version of ICMP for network diagnostics
IGMPInternetInternet Group Management ProtocolManages multicast group memberships
SCTPStreamStream Control Transmission ProtocolSupports reliable, message-oriented communication
BGP4+BorderBorder Gateway Protocol version 4+Enhanced version of BGP for routing
L2TPLayer 2Layer 2 Tunneling ProtocolCreates virtual private networks (VPNs)
PPTPPoint-to-PointPoint-to-Point Tunneling ProtocolProvides secure communication over a network
SSL/TLSSecureSecure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer SecurityProvides secure communication over the Internet
DNS over HTTPSDNS overDNS over HTTPSEncrypts DNS queries for privacy and security
HTTP/3HyperTextHTTP/3The latest version of the HTTP protocol
XMPPExtensibleExtensible Messaging and Presence ProtocolReal-time communication for messaging applications
WebSocketsWebWebSocketsEnables interactive, two-way communication over HTTP
QUICKQuickQuick UDP Internet ConnectionsProvides low-latency, secure communication
DHCPv6DynamicDHCP version 6Automatic IP address assignment for IPv6
LDAPv3LightweightLDAP version 3Enhanced version of LDAP for directory services
NTPv4NetworkNTP version 4The latest version of the Network Time Protocol
RIPv2RoutingRouting Information Protocol version 2Enhanced version of RIPv1 for routing
SRTPSecureSecure Real-time Transport ProtocolSecures real-time audio and video communication
DCCPDatagramDatagram Congestion Control ProtocolProvides reliable, connection-oriented data transfer
ICMPv6InternetInternet Control Message Protocol version 6IPv6 version of ICMP for network diagnostics
IPsecInternetInternet Protocol SecurityProvides security services for IP communication
SNMPv3SimpleSNMP version 3Enhanced security for network management
OSPFv3Open ShortestOSPF version 3IPv6 version of OSPF for routing
EIGRPEnhancedEnhanced Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolCisco's proprietary routing protocol
ICMPv4InternetInternet Control Message Protocol version 4IPv4 version of ICMP for network diagnostics
IGMPv3InternetIGMP version 3Enhanced version of IGMP for multicast management
BGPv4+BorderBGP version 4+Enhanced version of BGP for routing
<3>Various types of protocols support a major and compassionate role in communicating with different devices across the network. These are:
  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
  • Post office Protocol (POP)
  • Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and  (HTTPS) HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
  • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
  • Telnet
  • Gopher

1) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)

These are a set of general guidelines that permit different sorts of computers to talk with each different. The IP protocol ensures that every computer that is linked to the Internet has a particular serial wide variety referred to as the IP deal. TCP specifies how statistics are exchanged over the net and the way they must be broken into IP packets. 

It also makes certain that the packets have statistics about the source of the message data, the vacation spot of the message facts, the series in which the message statistics have to be re-assembled, and tests if the message has been dispatched effectively to the particular destination.

The functionality of TCP/IP is split into four layers with each one having particular protocols:

Application Layer: The utility layer makes sure that the data from the sending end is acquired in a format that is perfect and supported at the receiving give-up.

Transport Layer: The shipping layer is responsible for the easy transmission of statistics from one cease to the opposite. It is also answerable for dependable connectivity, blunders recovery, and flow manipulation of the information.

Internet Layer: This Internet Layer movements packets from supply to vacation spot by connecting impartial networks.

Network Access Layer: The Network Access Layer sees how a laptop connects to a network.

2) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

In computer networking, the User Datagram Protocol is one of the central participants of the Internet protocol suite. With UDP, PC packages can send messages, in this case, called datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol community.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a communications protocol that is frequently used to establish low-latency and loss-tolerant connections between applications on the internet. UDP hastens transmissions by permitting the switch of statistics earlier than an agreement is furnished using the receiving party.

3) Post office Protocol (POP)

In computing, the Post Office Protocol is a utility-layer Internet popular protocol used by email clients to retrieve electronic mail from a mail server. POP version three is the model in commonplace use. 

The publish office protocol (POP) is the maximum commonly used message request protocol in the Internet world for moving messages from an email server to an electronic mail purchaser. With POP3, the e-mail client requests new messages from the e-mail server, and the server “pops” all new messages out to the patron.

4) Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a web well-known verbal exchange protocol for electronic mail transmission. Mail servers and other message transfer sellers use SMTP to ship and get hold of mail messages.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving emails. It is usually used with POP3 or Internet Message Access Protocol to save messages in a server mailbox and download them periodically from the server for the user.

5) File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

The File Transfer Protocol is a well-known communique protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a purchaser on a PC community. FTP is built on a consumer–server version architecture using separate control and information connections between the purchaser and the server.

Why is FTP used? File switch protocol is a way to download, upload, and transfer files from one place to another on the internet and between PC structures. FTP permits the switch of documents to and fro among computers or through the cloud.

6) HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and (HTTPS) HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a utility layer protocol inside the Internet protocol suite version for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information structures.

What does HyperText Transfer Protocol do? Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, which include HTML. It turned into designed for verbal exchange among net browsers and net servers, but it can also be used for other functions.

What is hypertext switch protocol secure? Hypertext switch protocol at ease (HTTPS) is the comfy version of HTTP, which is the number one protocol used to ship statistics between a web browser and an internet site. HTTPS is encrypted to increase the security of facts transfer.

Which protocol is used for cozy transmission? The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, evolved via Netscape Corporation, is an enterprise-regular trend for community shipping layer security. SSL is supported by way of all currently available Web servers and Web browsers.

7) Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

In computing, the Internet Message Access Protocol is an Internet fashionable protocol used by e-mail customers to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP is described via RFC 9051.

What is IMAP and the way does it work? IMAP allows you to get the right of entry to your electronic mail anywhere you're, from any tool. When you examine an e-mail message and the usage of IMAP, you are not, in reality, downloading or storing it for your laptop; rather, you're studying it from the e-mail service.

8) Telnet

Telnet is an application protocol used on the Internet or nearby place networks to offer a bidirectional interactive textual content-orientated conversation facility using a digital terminal connection.

What is telnet used for? Telnet software permits users to test connectivity to faraway machines and problem commands through the usage of a keyboard. Though most customers prefer paintings with graphical interfaces, Telnet is one of the most effective approaches to check connectivity on sure ports.

9) Gopher

The Gopher protocol is a conversation protocol designed for distributing, looking at, and retrieving documents in Internet Protocol networks. 

What is a gopher? Gopher is Internet software that permits you to browse many distinctive sorts of assets by looking at menus or listings of information available. Its function is simple to remember because of its call: you use Gopher to "go for" records this is on other computer systems all over the globe.

Some Other Protocols

Some other popular protocols act as co-functioning protocols associated with these primary protocols for core functioning. These are:

I can provide you with a table that lists some popular protocols along with co-functioning protocols that are often used in conjunction with them for various networking and communication purposes. If you have a specific context or primary protocols in mind, please provide more details so I can tailor the table accordingly.

Primary ProtocolCo-Functioning ProtocolsCore Functionality
HTTPSSL/TLS, OAuth, WebSocketSecure web communication, authentication, real-time web applications
SMTPIMAP, POP3, DKIM, SPF, DMARCEmail sending, retrieval, authentication, anti-spam, email security
TCP/IPDNS, DHCP, ARP, ICMPAddress resolution, network configuration, error reporting
HTTPSSSL/TLS, HTTP/2, HTTP/3Secure web browsing, improved performance, future-proofing
FTPSFTP, FTPS, TFTPSecure file transfer, reliable file sharing
SSHSCP, SFTP, TelnetSecure remote access, file transfer, and command-line sessions
DNSDHCP, DNSSEC, DoT, DoHDomain name resolution, secure DNS, privacy-enhanced DNS
SIPRTP, SDP, VoIP gatewaysVoice and video communication over IP networks
SNMPICMP, Syslog, NetFlowNetwork management, monitoring, and troubleshooting
IMAPSMTP, POP3, CalDAV, CardDAVEmail retrieval, calendar, and contact synchronization
POP3SMTP, IMAP, STARTTLSEmail retrieval and simple storage
BGPOSPF, EIGRP, RIPRouting and path selection for internet traffic
MQTTCoAP, AMQP, WebSocketsLightweight IoT messaging, interoperability
XMPPBOSH, WebSocket, JingleReal-time messaging, voice, and video chat
RDPVNC, SSH, RemoteAppRemote desktop access and application virtualization
NFSCIFS/SMB, FTP, SSHFSFile sharing and remote access to file systems
LDAPLDAPS, Kerberos, SAMLDirectory services, authentication, and identity management
NTPSNTP, PTP, ChronyTime synchronization for network devices
SNMPICMP, Syslog, NetFlowNetwork management, monitoring, and troubleshooting
CoAP (Constrained App Prot)MQTT, HTTP, WebSocketsLightweight IoT communication, RESTful interaction

This table provides an overview of popular primary protocols and some of the co-functioning protocols often used alongside them. Please let me know if you have a specific focus or need more information about any of these protocols or their relationships.




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